Stroke?

 Stroke? A stroke is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Acting quickly can significantly reduce brain damage and other complications.

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The First and Most Important Step: Call Emergency Services

If you or someone you are with shows any signs of a stroke, call 1990 or your local emergency number immediately. Do not wait to see if the symptoms go away. Do not drive to the hospital yourself. Emergency responders can begin life-saving treatment on the way to the hospital

Recognize the Signs Using "F.A.S.T."

The acronym F.A.S.T. is a simple and effective way to remember the most common stroke symptoms:

• F - Face drooping: Ask the person to smile. Does one side of their face droop or feel numb? Is their smile uneven?

• A - Arm weakness: Ask the person to raise both arms. Does one arm drift downward? Is one arm unable to be raised?

  
  

• S - Speech difficulty: Ask the person to repeat a simple phrase. Is their speech slurred, strange, or difficult to understand? Are they confused or unable to talk?

  
  

• T - Time to call 1990: If you observe any of these signs, even if they seem minor or go away, call for emergency medical help immediately.

What to Do While Waiting for Help

While you are waiting for the ambulance to arrive, there are a few things you can do:

• Stay with the person: Keep them calm and comfortable.

• Note the time: Try to remember when the symptoms first appeared. This information is crucial for doctors to determine the best course of treatment.

• Do not give them anything to eat or drink: Swallowing can be impaired after a stroke, and this could cause choking.

• Position them correctly: If they are conscious, lay them down on their side with their head slightly raised and supported. If they are unconscious, check their breathing and pulse. If they are not breathing and have no pulse, begin CPR if you are trained to do so.

Hospital Treatment

Once at the hospital, an emergency team will quickly evaluate the situation. Treatment will depend on the type of stroke you are having (ischemic or hemorrhagic) and how much time has passed since the symptoms began.

• Ischemic Stroke: This is the most common type, caused by a blood clot blocking blood flow to the brain. Treatment may include:

  • Clot-busting medication (tPA): This medicine can dissolve the clot, but it must be administered within a few hours of the stroke's onset.

  • Endovascular procedures: These procedures involve using a catheter to physically remove the clot from the blood vessel.

• Hemorrhagic Stroke: This type is caused by a blood vessel that bursts and bleeds into the brain. Treatment focuses on stopping the bleeding and may include:

  • Medications: To manage blood pressure and stop bleeding.

  • Surgery: To repair the damaged blood vessel or remove pooled blood.

Recovery and Rehabilitation

Recovery from a stroke is a long and challenging process that is different for every person. Rehabilitation is a critical part of recovery and should begin as soon as possible, often within 24 to 48 hours after the stroke. A team of specialists will work with you, including:

• Physical therapists: To help with motor skills, mobility, strength, and balance.

• Occupational therapists: To assist with daily living activities like dressing, bathing, and eating.

• Speech and language pathologists: To help with communication, swallowing, and cognitive skills like memory and problem-solving.

• Psychologists: To help with emotional and behavioral changes that are common after a stroke, such as depression and anxiety.

The goal of rehabilitation is to help you regain as much function as possible and to learn new ways to compensate for any lasting disabilities. Recovery can continue for months or even years after a stroke.

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